2025

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — L. V. Antonova. EXHIBITIONS IN LONDON IN THE CONTEXT OF BRITISH FOOD CULTURE OF THE LAST THIRD OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The article, based on materials from international, colonial and national exhibitions in London, examines the culinary preferences of the British, their habits of preparing and consuming food in the last third of the 19th — early 20th centuries. At that time, visiting exhibitions, in the organization of which Britain had the most advanced experience, was a popular pastime for Londoners and tourists and necessarily included a “culinary program”. At the exhibitions of the turn of the century, visitors could try dishes prepared from colonial products, buy oriental spices, alcoholic beverages, fruits and various exotic delicacies. A large selection of restaurants, coffee shops and inexpensive eateries were offered to the exhibition guests. This factor among others contributed to the consolidation of the habit of eating in public places for people of different classes. The educational program of the exhibitions included educational master classes and lectures on healthy eating, foreign, including native, cuisine. It is concluded that the exhibitions were effective advertisements for new food products, the delivery of which to Europe was made possible by progress in transport and storage technologies. In a practical sense, this contributed to the development of intra-imperial trade. At the same time, the new gastronomic experience gained at the exhibitions contributed to the interpenetration of European and Eastern culinary traditions, which, to a certain extent, helped ordinary people better understand the lifestyle, customs and mentality of “the other”.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — L. A. Gerd. PAUL ANDERSON AND HIS VISIT TO PALESTINE IN 1923

The properties of the Russian institutions in the Holy Land before the First World War belonged to the Russian Government, The Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society and the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission. During the British administration of Palestine (1917–1948) they were a subject of endless discussions. Both the Russian emigrant organizations (the Palestine Society abroad and the Ecclesiastical Mission, subject to the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad) on one side, and the Soviet Government on the other side pretended to be legal owners of the properties. The administration of the mandate took the responsibility over the Russian properties, rented them out and used the money for supporting the Russians in Jerusalem and for maintenance of the buildings. The British authorities put the issue on a solid law base and did not admit to the administration either the Soviet representatives, or the Russian emigrants. The correspondence about the visit to Palestine in Summer 1923 of Paul Anderson, member of the Young Christian men’s organization, famous for his activities among the Russian emigrants, contributes to the picture of the complicated relations between the Palestine Society and the British administration. The documents on Anderson’s visit are of primary importance for the history of the Palestine Society abroad and its contacts in the 1920s. They are a logical supplement to the series of attempts of the Society to restore its legal status in Palestine, which it undertook during the whole period of the British Mandate.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — T. V. Anisimova. ARCHAIC FEATURES OF TIKHONRAVOV CHRONOGRAPH WRITING

The article explores the archaic graphic and orthographic features of the 13th-century antigraph reflected in the letter of the first half of the Tikhonravov chronograph (dating from the end of the 15th — beginning of the 16th centuries), in particular cases of writing the letter “г” with the so-called “hammer”, and the use of the forms of the asigmatic aorist of the verb “рѣщи”: “рѣхъ”, “рѣхомъ”, and the preservation of reduced forms in combination with smooth forms: *tъ-rъ-t, *tъ-lъ-t. Examples of dialect features of writing and relatively later (16th century?) cinnabar marginal notes are given, indicating the creation and existence of the manuscript in the Western Russian contact zone. A close similarity was found between the drawings of pointing fingers on its margins and similar drawings on the margins of the Vilna chronograph. It is noteworthy that there are no extant examples in the historiography of the use of the grapheme “г” with a “hammer” by ancient Russian scribes. However, in the Tikhonravov chronograph, these letters are present in various sources of its text and thus uniquely mark the initial layer of articles of the manuscript’s antigraph, which ends with an extensive prophetic compilation. The archetype of this compilation served as the source of the “Philosopher’s Speech” in the Tale of Bygone Years. The absence of archaic traces in the rest of the text may indicate some kind of mechanical connection in its antigraph of different-time manuscripts.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — M. V. Korogodina, N. N. Levchenko. CONVOLUTE OR MISCELLANY: THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY

Researchers of the manuscripts often use the terms “convolute”, “miscellany” or “collected manuscript”, “miscellany with additions”, putting different concepts into them. The article examines codices that have a complex structure: books collected in monasteries from fragments of earlier manuscripts, or compiled by a scribe over decades. In some cases, parts of the codex are united by dating, theme or scribe, though other features do not allow to consider the manuscript written at the same time. Such books require detailed descriptions. The authors of the article offer their definitions of the terms “convolute” and “miscellany”, relating the first to the codicological structure of the manuscript, and the second to its content.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — M. S. Krutova. L. P. ZHUKOVSKAYA’S WORKS ON PALEOGRAPHY IN HER PERSONAL COLLECTION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MANUSCRIPTS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the works on paleography contained in the personal archive fund of L. P. Zhukovskaya. The collection encompasses both published and unpublished works, materials related to their composition, as well as correspondence and biographical and official documents. It is evident that L. P. Zhukovskaya devoted significant attention to the paleographic characteristics of handwritten books. However, it is noteworthy that she demonstrated particular interest in the dating, attribution of scribal handwriting, the nature of the writing material and the artistic features of these manuscripts. The study of paleographic features of the handwritten source was a reliable foundation for conclusions about the textual andlinguistic characteristics of book monuments.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — I. M. Basov. HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PRINTING HISTORY OF THE POLISH KINGDOM IN THE 15TH–16TH СENTURIES

The article provides a historiographical overview of studies of early polish printing. During the period of the 18th–21st centuries, approaches, methods, and points of view on this issue changed repeatedly. The purpose of the article is to highlight trends in the development of the printing history studies, as well as to identify current problems in the study of the Polish Kingdom press. The history of printing has gone from a descriptive direction of science, focused on local subjects and bibliographic summation of knowledge, to an analytical direction, within which, in addition to history, various social and humanitarian disciplines (sociology, cultural studies, philology, linguistics, economics) find their place. To some extent, this is typical for all areas of historical science, but in the field of printing history, the perception of the role of printing press in the cultural development is essential. The appearance of works on the early printing history of the Polish Kingdom from the 2nd half of the 20th century was dictated both by a fairly large level of accumulation of knowledge on the subject and by the development of relevant social theories of communication. The departure from the Marxist metanarrative has brought the research of Eastern European historians into line with the work of Western colleagues, as a result of which historiography is now significantly theorized.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — V. V. Shishkin. UNKNOWN LETTER OF HENRY III OF MARCH 10, 1585: ON THE EVE OF THE THE WAR OF THREE HENRYS

The letter of Henry III (1574–1589), the last of Valois, addressed to the French ambassador in Rome at the papal court, seigneur de Saint-Goart (Gouart). The document was submitted to the Archive of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a gift on April 14, 2024. This is an order to the ambassador to ask Pope Gregory XIII to approve the royal decision regarding the appointment of a new prior of the Augustinian priory in Perigord, Saint-Etienne Du Peyrat, a certain Elis Patrice. In preparation for a new civil war in France, which remained in history under the name The War of Three Henrys (1585–1589), the king placed in secular and church posts, at court and in the field, the persons who were certainly devoted to him. Henry III removed from the post of prior a supporter of the Dukes of Guise, political opponents of the king, Bishop of Amiens. The reconstruction of events, according to the dorsal notes on the back of the letter, allows to understand the dramatic history of the approval of the royal decision, which eventually took place in 1586. This was due to the expulsion of Saint-Goart from Rome on the orders of the new Pope Sixtus V, and his triumphant return a few months after the restoration of relations between Henry III and the Holy See, under a new name and in a new status, Marquis de Pisany.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — A. V. Ashikhmin, D. N. Shilov. “WELL, BUT NOT THE TIME”. THE LAST REPORTS OF M. M. SPERANSKY TO EMPEROR ALEXANDER I ON THE REFORM OF THE SENATE IN 1811

This research is dedicated to the unfinished reform of the Senate carried out by Speransky in 1811. The authors analyzed a set of documents deposited in the Russian State Historical Archive in the fund of the Special Committee of Chairmen of Departments of the State Council (F. 1164), consisting of 32 parts. These documents were interpreted by researchers since the beginning of the 20th century, and their archival systematization was carried out during that period by A. R. Dobrokhotov, clerk of the State Chancery. Despite the obvious relevance of these sources for the history of such large-scale state transformations, most of them have not yet been published. Based on the research of predecessors, source studies, and archaeological research, the history of this collection is reconstructed. This archival complex fits into the history of the Senate reform in 1911, and the role of Speransky and other members of the State Сouncil in its development is revealed. The authors describe and analyze the contents of reform documents, including preparatory projects dating back to Catherine’s reign. This collection provides a comprehensive source on senatorial reform developed by Speransky. Access to these documents and their analysis helps us better understand the ideas of the reformer and his methods of working with historical and contemporary materials, as well as methods of communicating and defending his opinions during discussions. It also reveals additional aspects Speransky’s “technical bureau” work during its early period. For the first time in more than a century of research, the most important documents of the reform authored by Speransky were published — the note “On the formation of the Senate”, with attached drafts of manifesto and decrees, and the note “On the timeliness of establishing the Senate”, comprising parts 17 and 18 of the archival collection under consideration.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — E. D. Tverdyukova. “BECOMING NOT ONLY TOBACCO WORKERS, BUT ALSO AMMUNITION MANUFACTURERS”: THE LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR OF THE LENINGRAD TOBACCO FACTORY NAMED AFTER URITSKIY V. N. RUMYANTSEV TO THE V. P. ZOTOV (7.7.1942)

The published document is a primary source on the history of the 1st Leningrad Tobacco Factory named after Uritsky. It was the largest enterprise in the USSR to operate during the siege of Leningrad, supplying the city’s population and its defenders with cigarettes and tobacco. In the challenging conditions of war and blockade, smoking frequently served as means of coping with psycho-emotional distress, alleviating hunger, and acquiring a certain ritualistic significance. The factory’s activities in the initial year of the Great Patriotic War are discussed by the factory director, V. N. Rumyantsev, in a letter to V. P. Zotov, A. I. Mikoyan’s commissioner on food issues. The factory’s staff, in their efforts to substitute scarce raw materials, not only produced tobacco products but also successfully mastered the production of ammunition and medicines. The author of the letter goes on to describe his efforts to maintain the factory’s operational capacity during the first blockade winter, and characterizes the domestic characteristics of the workers.

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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 — A. V. Ushakov. FRAGMENTS FROM THE BOOK ABOUT THE NARVA TRADE NOWGORODFAHRER FROM LÜBECK: FEES ON GOODS EXPORTED FROM NARVA DURING THE LIVONIAN WAR

The article under scrutiny herein examines fragments from a handwritten merchant’s book stored in the archive of the Nowgorodfahrer merchant association, which is one of the funds of the Archive of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. The book chronicles the commercial activities of a trading corporation in Narva during the Livonian War, providing insights spanning the years 1563 to 1577. The study focuses on the commodity lists for 1563, 1564, 1568 and 1577, which detail the internal charges applied to all goods arriving from Narva in Lübeck. The financial proceeds received from these merchants were allocated towards the organisation of collective commercial activities on behalf of the entire trade association. These activities included the maintenance of warehouses and wharves, the chartering of merchant ships, the remuneration of seafarers, mercenaries, scribes and servants, and the settlement of numerous other expenses. Utilising these records, an analysis was conducted of the product range that was characteristic of Narva exports during the Livonian War. Furthermore, a correlation was identified between fluctuations in the amount charged for these goods and the prevailing political situation in the Baltic region. The appendix to the article presents transcriptions of the studied product lists.