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PHJ №1 (45) 2025 – G. S. Tziafetas. OLD PROBLEM, MODERN SOLUTION: FLOODS AND PROTECTION IN ST. PETERSBURG/LENINGRAD (1703–1924)

The article contains a scientific view of environmental management, projects for protecting St. Petersburg from floods, which were proposed by engineers of the 18th and early 20th centuries, as well as a social justification for why flood supports began to be seriously designed only after the catastrophic floods of 1924. Was it a catalyst for the authorities and engineers — or was this design phase more dependent on other (social) processes?

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PHJ № 1 (33) 2022 — M. H. Zakirova. THE TURKMEN OF THE AMU DARYA REGION IN THE STUDIES OF RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY

Turkestan section of the Russian Geographical Society (TO RGS, 1897) at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries had a significant impact on the formation of historical science and ethnography in the Central Asian region. The main purpose of the study is to show the role of the Russian Geographical Society in collecting and processing ethnographic information about the Turkmens inhabiting the territory of Turkestan. The author sets a task to review the reports of M. V. Grulev and H. V. Gelman received during geographical expeditions on the Amu Darya, voiced to the Board of the Russian Geographical Society and published in the News of the Russian Geographical Society for 1900. The author concludes that the received information was necessary for carrying out the consecutive economic and resettlement policy of the Russian government in Central Asia. In particular, to settle the issue of relations of Turkmen tribes with Khiva khan, to solve the problem of land and water use, as well as to study the Amu Darya River for the development of navigation and, if possible, safety for merchant ships.