2022

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PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – Yu. Gracheva. The Dorpat School District in the correspondence of Emperor Alexander I and Professor G. F. Parrot

The article is devoted to the initial period of the implementation of educational reforms in the Dorpat School District, in which the first rector of the University, professor Georg Friedrich Parrott, was directly involved. The correspondence of Emperor Alexander I and Professor G. F. Parrot, introduced into scientific circulation, allows us to highlight the range of issues that aroused the greatest attention of the Dorpat professor and which required the personal intervention of the emperor.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – M. N. Baryshnikov. Gorchakovs and operations of Russian steam navigation and trading company in Western Mediterranean

The article examines the nature of the emerging relations between the Minister of Foreign Affairs A.M. Gorchakov and his son Mikhail and the Russian steam navigation and trading company in connection with the functioning of the Western Mediterranean shipping lines focused on the development of transport links with the ports of France and Spain. The study allows not only to evaluate the effectiveness of these relations, but also to more fully present the reasons for the company’s reorientation to the Middle East and Persian areas of operations, determined by Russia’s long-term interests in these regions.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – V. V. Zdanovich. The history of everyday life in the Nazi-occupied territory of Belarus in the works of Belarusian historians

The article analyzes the works of Belarusian historians devoted to the life history of urban and rural residents of Belarus during the Nazi occupation in 1941–1944. The analysis carried out shows that in the Soviet period, according to the party guidelines, the life of different categories of the population in the occupied territory was considered in Soviet historical literature as a daily battle with the enemy. A characteristic feature of the Belarusian period was the development of new directions in the study of the problem, detailed coverage of various aspects of the occupation regime, the consideration of which in Soviet historiography was determined by brevity.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – A. I. Rupasov. Activities of the Leningrad City and Regional State Arbitration Courts in 1943–1944

During the war, the desire of the Leningrad City Court of Arbitration to extend the scope of its competence, in spite of the reluctant and negative attitude of the local executive authorities, was partly fulfilled in the practice of its activities. As a result, the Leningrad State Arbitration acquired the features of an administrative body, a managerial body.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – A. Ya. Kodintsev. Historiography of labor crimes in the USSR in the 1930–1950s

The history of labor crimes has a relatively large number of publications. They can be divided into two periods. The first covers the Soviet period. Research of that time was distinguished by strict adherence to the legal issues of the application of criminal legislation on labor crimes. The second period consists of modern works, and since 2008 one can notice a rapid increase in the number of studies on the problems of labor offenses in the Soviet state. The quality, depth and scope of work in this area is rapidly increasing. In the work, author covers the historiography of labor crimes committed in the USSR in the 1930s–1950s.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – S. A. Isaev. The Creation of the U. S. Constitution: Pennsylvanian context of the process

The U. S. Constitution, which is still in force, was created by the Constitutional Convention, working behind closed doors in Philadelphia, May — September 1787. That time Philadelphia was the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, but not of the U. S., whereas Continental Congress was working in New York City. The article deals with a question: how the events taking place in Pennsylvania could influence the constitutional process of the U. S.? Author demonstrates that the political development of both U. S., and Pennsylvania had the same trend. In Pennsylvania the State Constitution of 1776 was in force, and there was a struggle for its remodeling, approaching success in the year 1790.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – А. А. Komarov. The Soviet Union and Finland’s aspirations for neutrality

After World War II Finland started to promote actively the idea of its neutrality. In this way the Finnish political class tried to enhance its profile on the international arena and distance itself from the military clauses of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual assistance signed by the USSR and Finland on April 6, 1948. The article examines the history of Soviet attitudes towards Finland’s desire to position itself as a neutral country.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – Å. Egge. Soviet diplomacy in Norway and Sweden during the interwar period — the role of Alexandra Kollontai

This article analyzes the activities of Soviet diplomacy in Norway and Sweden during the interwar period and the role of Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai in the development of Soviet-Norwegian and Soviet-Swedish relations during those years. Between 1923 and 1930 and in Sweden from 1930 to 1945 Kollontai was chief of the Soviet diplomatic mission in Norway. Kollontai actively established contacts and promoted initiatives that could enhance the prestige of the Soviet Union. She possessed a tremendous capacity for work and open-mindedness. Kollontai always remained loyal to her country. However, she had an independent mind and did not hesitate to voice her own opinion and give advice to her superiors.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – A. B. Gekht. Under the scrutiny of criticism: financial and industrial group of the Wallenberg family and public sentiment in Sweden in the 1960s

This article is devoted to the consideration of the diverse public rhetoric in the 1960s towards Sweden’s largest financial and industrial group controlled by the Wallenberg family. A discussion about the nature of Wallenberg’s activities outside the kingdom, primarily in the developing countries of Latin America and Africa, became especially noticeable. Among the consequences of the harsh criticism of the Wallenbergs was the subsequent strengthening of government regulatory measures in the Swedish economy in the late 1960s, which affected the financial sector, which was so important for the financial and industrial group under their control.

PHJ № 3 (35) 2022 – A. Yu. Andreev. Sources on the resignation of M. M. Speransky in 1812: an experience of a systematic analysis

The article analyzes the source base for studying one of the “mysteries of Russian history” — the sudden resignation of M. M. Speransky from the post of State Secretary of Emperor Alexander I, held in March 1812. The article states that the existing multiple interpretations of these events are based in a large number of cases on the uncritical use of historical sources. A new analysis of the source structure has been carried out and a new classification has been proposed. As a result, it was concluded that the considered base of sources, provided that the methods of their critical analysis are applied, allows reconstructing the events that led to Speransky’s resignation with a sufficient degree of completeness.