Yu.L. Kosenkova Transformations of the hypothetical model of human in urban planning of the Soviet period // Petersburg Historical Journal, no. 4, 2022, pp. 72–89

Abstract:
Recent decades of historical studies devoted to the everyday practices of a Soviet individual have revealed a depressing picture of a chronic discrepancy between the interests, needs and sometimes the most pressing demands of people and the nature of surrounding city environment. In the article, this situation is considered as if from the opposite side — what were the positions of the professional community of Soviet architects and urban planners who created said environment. It is shown that contradictory political, economic, technical etc. factors that influenced Soviet urban planning, in combination with the suppression of the development of social sciences, largely determined a completely inadequate “model of human”, which
architects focused on in their planning activities. The author analyzes the main features attributed to such a hypothetical person, as well as attempts to interpret them at different stages of Soviet history. Despite certain shifts in professional consciousness of the 1970s and 1980s regarding the nature of the relationship between society and the city, many unresolved problems of human life in the city remain relevant in the practice of modern urban planning.

Keywords:
quality of life of a Soviet individual, residential neighborhoods, development of city centers, city image, approaches to city design.

Author:
Kosenkova, Yulia Leonidovna — Doctor of Architecture, Senior Researcher, Associate Professor, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Honorary Architect of Russia, member of the Union of Architects; Chief researcher of the Scientific Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (NIITIAG)..
E-mail: jkosenkova@yandex.ru

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