2024

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PHJ № 4 (44) 2024 – I. M. Nokhrin. COLONIAL NATIONALISM IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA IN 1830S

The article is devoted to revealing the role of nationalism in the socio-political crisis in Canadas in the 1830s and the subsequent uprisings of 1837–1838. The author argues that this was the time when colonial politicians and intellectuals began to abandon their British nationalism, which was very characteristic of them before and began to develop the idea of a Canadian nation actively. Unsuccessful attempts to achieve the same rights and privileges that the inhabitants of Britain had convinced the colonists that there was no equality between the subjects of the king in the Old and New Worlds. Therefore, without equal rights, Canadians could no longer consider themselves British. Moreover, the whole system of the colonial government, its legitimacy, and, in the end, their loyalty to the king, were called into question. Moreover, the ideas about Canadians as a nation in Upper and Lower Canada were quite similar and, which is especially noteworthy, were, in fact, civil, not ethnic. But the most important thing was that if the Canadians were not British, then it logically followed that they lived under the rule of foreigners, as the compilers of ninety-two resolutions put it, their land was ruled by a foreign power with a priori different interests, goals, motives than Canadians. And this, in the era of the triumphant march of nationalism across the Western world, was considered a problem of a much larger scale than the struggle for office or reform. This state of affairs was perceived as completely wrong, unfair, and intolerable. And it could not continue indefinitely. Once this idea had won the minds of patriots and reformers, their further radicalization, a complete break with British nationalism, and a confrontation with the empire were inevitable.

PHJ № 4 (44) 2024 – L. A. Sadova. RUSSIA AND NORWAY: FEATURES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS IN 1891–1905

Russian-Norwegian relations at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries are usually considered separately from Russian-Swedish relations in the same period. This was due to the peculiarities of the legal formalization of the Swedish-Norwegian union in 1814, according to which Norway received significant independence in the management of domestic policy. Based on diplomatic documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the author raises the question of the specifics of bilateral relations between Russia and Norway. Archival documents indicate the multilevel nature of the interaction between Norway and Russia. From the point of view of diplomatic practice, Norway was perceived in the Russian Foreign Ministry as an inseparable part of Sweden, with which interaction at the official level was carried out through Swedish state institution. On the other hand, direct Russian-Norwegian trade cooperation, including between the border northern suburbs of the two states, as well as Russia’s geopolitical interests in the region, required resolving issues precisely within the framework of direct Russian-Norwegian relations.

PHJ № 4 (44) 2024 – M. A. Averyanov, A. B. Gekht. THE FINALE OF FRENCH SUPREMACY IN ALGERIA: THE PHENOMENON OF THE OAS

This article examines the phenomenon of the OAS, a right-wing terrorist organisation that emerged in the early 1960s as the French colonial empire collapsed and Algeria sought independence. The paper examines the circumstances leading up to the emergence of the organisation and the reasons for joining it. It describes the main stages of the history of the OAS, its main goals and methods of achieving them. It analyses the reaction caused in society and, finally, the reasons for the defeat of the organisation, which has left a significant trace both in the recent history of France and Algeria and in popular culture. Taking into account the low level of study of this topic in the Russian historiography, this article aims to fill the said gap. It seems that the study of the political experience of the Fifth Republic, which waged colonial wars for a long time, has additional relevance in the conditions of modern international relations.

PHJ № 4 (44) 2024 – E. B. Barinova. THE ROLE OF RUSSIAN AND SOVIET ORIENTAL STUDIES IN THE FORMATION OF CENTRAL ASIAN ARCHEOLOGY

The objective of this study is to delineate the intricate and protracted process of archaeological investigation into ancient Central Asia by Russian and Soviet scholars up until the early 1930s. This will enable the identification of the distinctive characteristics of the formation of Central Asian archaeology. The material for analysis was derived from the findings of archaeological research conducted by various expeditions in Central Asia. In selecting research methods, the objective was to define the archaeology of Central Asia as a field of inquiry pertaining to material objects that, in conjunction with other data, can shed light on the history and way of life in ancient societies. In addition to the descriptive element, the primary methodological technique employed in the study of the archaeological investigation of ancient Central Asia by Russian and Soviet scholars was the analysis of individual developments pertaining to the socio-economic and cultural history of the region. The period preceding the 1930s can be regarded as the inception of Central Asian archaeology. This was marked by the establishment of state committees for the study of ancient cultures (including the history of Central Asia) and the formation of independent union republics in the region. These developments stimulated the growth of the national economy and culture, while the organisation of republican departments of Sredazkomstaris played a pivotal role in the registration and protection of ancient monuments, marking the first instance of a research organisation in the Central Asian republics. The findings of the research conducted by Russian and Soviet scholars into the ancient history of Central Asia during the 1920s can be regarded as the genesis of a new academic field: the archaeology of Central Asia.